Department of plant pathology, college of horticulture, university of horticultural sciences campus, gkvk, bengaluru, 560 065, karnataka, india. However, most endophytic fungi within plant tissue have only a hyphal structure, and therefore cannot be identi. Isolation and characterization of endophytic fungi from. Endophytic fungi are beneficial to their host plants and have the ability to produce bioac. Natural products from endolichenic fungi, isolated from a variety of different lichen species, have been attracting increased attention for their potential to produce bioactive metabolites possessing new structures and representing different structural classes. Research open access the endophytic fungi of salvia miltiorrhiza bge. Morphology and phylogeny of rootendophytic fungus periconia. The fungi were identified on the basis of mycelia and spore characteristics. Rootendophytic fungi cause morphological and functional differences in scots pine roots in contrast to ectomycorrhizal fungi jussi heinonsalo, a marc buee, b c lumin vaario d a viikki plant science center vips, department of food and environmental sciences, faculty of agriculture and forestry, p. Seven hundred twenty segments of leaves of melia azedarach l. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from uitm. Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from vitex negundo linn. Bioactive metabolites from an endophytic fungus penicillium. Isolation and characterization of endophytic fungi from isachne globosa, a common rice weed found in sri lanka dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the module bt 3064 experimental plant biotechnology b.
Endophytic fungi from mangroves viz, phomopsis amygdale, trichoderma sp and alternaria sp have been reported to show high antioxidant activities against various free radicals which go in line with the result of the present study 22,23,18. Highly potential fungus which showed antibacterial activities at the lowest amount. Research article morphological study of endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi produce many secondary compounds such as alkaloids, triterpenes and steroids which have been shown to have antitumor effects. A friendly relationship between endophytic fungi and. All the isolated endophytic fungi have been stored on pda slants at 4c and kept at college of life sciences, taishan medical university, shandong province, china. Extracts from liquid cultures were tested for cytotoxicity against a number of. Morphological and molecular characterization of endophytic. The sample of fungal isolates were mounted on the sterile slides then it was stained with lactophenol cotton blue and examined in 40x light microscopy 15. The fungal endophytes are a diverse group of organisms forming associations almost ubiquitously throughout the plant kingdom. Endophytic fungi have been classified into two groups based on differences in taxonomy, evolution, plant hosts, and ecological functions into clavicipitaceous, able to infect only some species of grasses, and nonclavicipitaceous, which are found in the asymptomatic tissues of bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms rodriguez et al. Isolation of endophytic fungi endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves and stems of s. For a long time, classification and identification of these species were studied through morphologic criteria 19, 22. The endophyte assemblages identified using morphological characters consisted of 16 named species and 19 morphospecies, the latter grouped based on cultural morphology and growth rates.
Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated and. The term endophytic was revered to the diverse group of fungi which live asymptomatic within photosynthetic tissue of plant for. Taxonomy of endophytic fungi of aerial plant tissues. A total of six 6 endophytic fungi were isolated from 20 samples of a. The relationship between certain grasses and endophytic fungi is a symbiosis and ranges from mutualistic to antagonistic. An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease. Acremonium falciforme was the most dominant fungi that inhabited both the. Rootendophytic fungi cause morphological and functional differences in scots pine roots in contrast to ectomycorrhizal fungi. Diversity of endophytic fungi from the ornamental plant adenium obesum.
Copyright mushroom research foundation 2016 diversity. Endophytic fungi were isolated from the bacopa monnieri. Isolated fungi were identified on the basis of their colony or hyphal morphology, pigmentation, aerial mycelium, surface. The colony looked dark in appearance with mycelia being immersed, branched, septate and brown in color.
Based on the phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer and. Molecular identification of endophytic fungi isolated from needles of pinus densiflora and pinus koraiensis in korea based on analysis of the its sequences, ten sequences belonged to leotiomycetes, most of which were closely related to the lophodermium sp. According to classical mycology, most species of endophytic fungi have been described based on their morphological features such as ascospore and peridium morphology, gleba colour, odour, and other organoleptic characteristics 23. Administration of these secretions indicated a dosedependent inhibitory effect. When grasses are infected with endophytic fungi, they can receive important benefits such as antiherbivory from insects and vertebrates. In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of. Effects of endophytic fungi on the ash dieback pathogen.
Morphological and microscopical characterization of endophytic fungi the identification procedure of endophytic fungi was based on morphology. Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense wikipedia. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from 10 species palm. Molecular characterization and morphology of two endophytic. Endophytic fungi are an important group of microorganisms and one of the least studied. Endophytic fungi are those living inside the host plant without causing any apparent negative effect on host plant. Variation in endophytic fungi from roots and leaves of.
Purification, selection and preservation of endophytic fungi. Isolation, morphological characterization and molecular. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from. Protective effect of endophytic fungi detection of endophytic fungi and h. The endophyte assemblages identified using morphological characters consisted of 16 named species and 19 morphospecies, the latter grouped based on. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Single mycelium method was used to isolate endophytic fungi from surface sterilized of medicinal plant. In exchange for carbohydrate energy resources, the fungus provides benefits to the plant which can include increased water or nutrient uptake and protection from. Rootendophytic fungi cause morphological and functional. Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants wiyakrutta et al.
Jean lodge 3 1 department of biology, university of puerto ricorio piedras, box 23360, san juan, pr 00931, usa 2 terrestrial ecology division, upr, box 363682, san juan, pr 00936, usa 3 center for forest. Endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy stems and pods of cacao theobroma cacao trees in natural forest ecosystems and agroecosystems in latin america and west africa. Identification of endophytic fungi from livistona chinensis. Gusnawaty2, asniah2 1assessment institute for agricultural technology, kendari, indonesia 2department of agrotechnology, university of. A total of 153 endophytic fungi were isolated from 94 fresh plants and purified from 1974 tissue segments stems, leaves, and roots of. Knowledge of the extent of fungal endophytism is still relatively new. Isolation of endophytic fungi was carried out according to the method described by suryanarayanan et al.
After incubation, fungal colonies were selected and streaked on potato dextrose agar plates and incubated at 30c for about 72 hours. A total of 12 morphologically different endophytic fungi were isolated from l. Bacteria in oral secretions of an endophytic insect. The emerging endophytic fungi were isolated, purified and maintained by continuous subculturing jayanthi et al. Morphological and molecular characterization of fungus. Identification of endophytic fungi from new phytologist trust. About the endophytic fungus, trichoderma can be commonly found both in cultivated and noncultivated soils, and is used in biological control of a variety of plantpathogenic fungi such as fusarium verticillioides and rhizoctonia solani. Introduction to fungi classification, morphology and pathogenicity. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from 10.
The colony morphology and frequency of occurrence of each endophytic fungus was noticed. Endophytic fungi are one of the most unexplored and diverse group of organisms having symbiotic associations with this is a slow growing, sporulating fungi. Over the long period of evolution, some coexisting endophytes and their host plants have established a special relationship with one and another, which can significantly influence the formation of metabolic products in plants, then affect quality and. Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of endophytic. Bacteria in oral secretions of an endophytic insect inhibit antagonistic fungi yasmin j. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from 10 species palm trees.
The endophytic fungi were isolated using threestep surface sterilization technique which was described by petrini 1986 and adapted from doilom et al. The taxonomy of fungi belonging to the section nigri comprises one of the most confusing and complex due to the subtle differences between the species. Morphology and phylogeny of ootendophyte r periconia igniaria. Endolichenic fungi are diverse groups of predominantly filamentous fungi that reside asymptomatically in the interior of lichen thalli. However, these fungi were difficult to identify at the species level. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi the healthy leaf, stem and root of the plant m. The korean pine pinus koraiensis is one of the most important afforestation trees in korea with its distribution in china, russia, japan and europe 14, 15. Briefly, plant samples were surfacesterilized with 70% ethanol for 1 min, 4% sodium hypochlorite for 3. Fungus is a member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds british english.
Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense occurs when endophytic fungi, which live symbiotically with the majority of plants by entering their cells, often fungus or bacteruim, are utilized as an indirect defense against herbivores. Eight morphologically distinct endophytic fungi were selected from the medicinal plants elaeocarpus sphaericus coded as elspf 1 to 4 and. These fungi were collected for screening as a potential. Molecular techniques were useful in identifying four nonsporulating deuteromycete fungi. Endophytic fungi from the chinese medicinal plant actinidia macrosperma were isolated and identified for the first time. This was the first study to evaluate their cytotoxic and antitumour activities against brine shrimp and five types of tumour cells, respectively. While endophytic fungi have been studied from needle, bark, xylem, and seed of conifers 11, 12, abundant endophytic fungi are found in needles of many conifer species.
The wide variety of endophytes isolated further highlights the. Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi isolated from bacopa monnieri l. They enhance their hosts resistance against abiotic stress, disease, insects, pathogens and mammalian herbivores by producing secondary metabolites with a wide spectrum of biological activity. Research article morphological study of endophytic. In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of endophytic. Pdf morphological and molecular identification of fungal. Endophytic fungi are unique among the many plant microbial symbionts because they are the only microbial group thought to bene. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi. Microbiology module morphology and general properties of fungi microbiology 440 notes 51 morphology and general properties of fungi 51. Isolation, identification and ability of endophytic fungi. Morphological and microscopical characterization of endophytic fungi.
Therefore, the effects of leafinhabiting endophytic fungi of f. Jul 12, 2016 endolichenic fungi are diverse groups of predominantly filamentous fungi that reside asymptomatically in the interior of lichen thalli. Frontiers a friendly relationship between endophytic fungi. Molecular identification of endophytic fungi isolated from. Endophytic fungi or endophytes exist widely inside the healthy tissues of living plants, and are important components of plant microecosystems.
Apr 07, 2018 purification, selection and preservation of endophytic fungi. Five different taxa were represented by 11 isolates, and six isolates were grouped. Identification of fungal endophytes the identification procedure of endophytic fungi was based on morphology and molecular methods. Copyright mushroom research foundation 2016 diversity of. Among these three isolates also showed anti oxidant activity.
Identification of endophytic fungi from fruits and. The associations of endophytic fungi with their host plants are varied and complex, being mostly a cryptic phenomenon in nature. Classification of fungi morphology and structure pathogenicity diagnosis useful properties of fungi diverse group of chemo heterotrophs over 100,000 fungal species identified only about 100 are human or animal pathogens saprophytes digest dead organic matter. Morphological identification was done according to the standard taxonomic key included colony diameter, texture, color and the dimensions and morphology of. Negeri sembilan were successfully isolated and identified by morphology and. Five different taxa were represented by 11 isolates, and six isolates were. Isolation of endophytic fungi and screening of huperzine a. A total of 81 thai medicinal plant species collected from forests were examined for the presence of endophytic fungi with biological activity. Of the seven endophytic fungi isolated, four were found to exhibit anti bacterial activity. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, fungi, which is separate from plants, animals, protists and bacteria. Endophytic fungi, morphological study, melia azedarach l. Variation in endophytic fungi from roots and leaves of lepanthes orchidaceae by paul bayman1, ligia l.
Fungi that live within functional and healthy plant tissues for all or part of their life cycle. A survey of the endophytic fungi in fronds of livistona chinensis was carried out in hong kong. Introduction endophytic fungi, at the beginning were applied for any organism found within the plant. The alkaloid beauvericin has been isolated from the fungus fusarium oxysporum and has shown cytotoxicity against the tumor cells pc3, panc1, and a549. Endophytes, which reside in plant tissues, have the potential to produce novel metabolites with immense benefits for health industry. Isolation, identification and ability of endophytic fungi in stimulating cocoa seed germination muh assad1, muhammad taufik2, h. Bodhankar department of microbiology, yashwantrao mohite college, bharati vidyapeeth university, pune 411038, india corresponding author abstract introduction in view of the increased global health. Outlines characteristics of fungus classification of fungi morphology and structure. Microscopical analysis isolated endophytic fungi were stained using lactophenol cotton blue staining procedure and visualized under microscope at 40x magnification.
Isolation and morphological characterization of endophytic fungi isolated from ten different varieties of mango mahesh s. Isolation and morphological characterization of endophytic. The identification procedure of endophytic fungi was based on morphology. Mongkuts institute of technology ladkrabang kmitl, bangkok, thailand, were isolated and identified by morphology. The medium was incubated at room temperature for 3 7 days.
Phylogeny and morphology of lasiodiplodia species associated with magnolia forest plants. Identification of fungi of the genus aspergillus hydrolytic enzymes like lipases and amylases 1, 26. Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from leaves and barks of. Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from. Studies had shown previously to protect watermelon citrullus lanatus and cucumber cucumis sativus seedlings from anthracnose disease elicited by wildtype c. Module morphology and general properties of fungi microbiology 440 notes 51 morphology and general properties of fungi 51. Taxonomic placement of sterile morphotypes of endophytic fungi from pinus tabulaeformis pinaceae in northeast china based on rdna sequences. Open access free for readers, with article processing charges apc paid by authors or their institutions. Species of phoma and its allies were isolated during a survey on the diversity of endophytic fungi associated with pine trees in korea. Endophytic fungi that are residing asymptomatically in internal tissues of all higher plants are of growing interest as promising sources of biologically active agents. Endophytes are ubiquitous and have been found in all species of plants studied to date. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from various. Research open access the endophytic fungi of salvia. Endophytic fungi, morphology, peyronellaea, pinus koraiensis, sequence analysis introduction peyronellaea is a proposed new genus 1 that includes species originally classified in genus phoma defined by boerema et al.